This paper examines current violent behaviors caused by TV, social media as, according to analysis's, they influence youth, and their lifestyles. This research project has taken approximately 20 studies into consideration to demonstrate that tv, music, movie, the Internet, computer games and the news play a significant role to promote violence among adults and youngsters. The paper does not have empirical proof that either of the mediums is solely to blame for the abuse in the youths. This paper discusses a hypothesis that the integration of all of the above mediums, as well as other cultural influences, contributes to violence. The paper will explore the impact of media, violence caused by media particularly among our youngsters by analyzing past literary work. It is concluded, majority of the literature I examined concentrated on disclosing the outcome of violence rather than the violence cause. The study that portrayed violence through media has shown that violence has negative effects on children, such as children becoming apathetic towards the suffering of others, they may become fearful, and also are more likely to become aggressive towards people. Moreover, research has also shown that excessive watching of violence on media may make children more aggressive and may make them less sensitive towards real-world violence. Although violence on media is not the only factor that determines aggression levels or other negative effects in children, it could be a combination

The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) is widely used measure of empathy that was first developed in 2006 and has since been validated in various languages. This study’s aim was to translate and validate an Arabic version of the BES (BES-Ar) with a sample of 192 Arabic-speaking individuals over the age of 18. The study found that the BES-Ar exhibited satisfactory internal consistency, test–retest reliability, concurrent and convergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the one-factor model is the best fit for the BES-Ar, providing an overall empathy score with no subscale scores. Female participants reported higher empathy scores than males, which is consistent with previous research findings. The findings of this study confirm that the BES-Ar is a valid tool for measuring empathy in Arabic-speaking populations. This research contributes to the cross-cultural understanding of empathy and provides a valuable tool for assessing empathy in the Arabic language.

The Arabic version of the Basic Empathy Scale demonstrates strong reliability and satisfactory validity, resembling the original scale by Farrington and Jolliffe (2006). Female participants showed higher levels of empathy compared to males. The Arabic scale correlates positively with the Perth Empathy Scale, indicating concurrent validity. A weak significant relationship was obtained between BES and SDS, suggesting an association between empathy and social desirability. There is no significant correlation observed between social interaction anxiety and empathy. The exploratory factor analysis favored a one-factor model for an overall empathy score. With Arabic-speaking people, the Arabic BES demonstrates validity and reliability for clinical and research applications, enabling assessments that are sensitive to cultural differences. Its participation in research promotes empathy awareness worldwide and helps educators and mental health professionals with diagnosis, treatment, and skill development.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapeutic approach aimed at improving these areas by breaking down skills into smaller, manageable steps and using positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors. ABA interventions are structured, targeting specific behaviors through techniques such as reinforcement, prompting, and shaping. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis in the treatment of children with autism from mothers’ perspective. 3 mothers of children with autism that are receiving ABA therapy were interviewed. The interview questions covered two themes (symptoms improvement & mothers’ well-being). Results revealed positive views on the therapy’s effectiveness and showed improvement on the mothers’ overall well-being.

Introduction: Adolescents react differently to challenging negative life events. Resilience, a dynamic characteristic of individuals, was studied to be a protective factor against such events. In order to study the resilience among Arabic-speaking adolescent populations, age-appropriate measures that are fully apprehended by younger respondents are needed. In this context, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) in a community sample of native Arabic-speaking adolescents aged 13-18 years. Methods: A sample of 546 community Arabic-speaking adolescents from Lebanon was recruited (n = 328 females, with a mean age of 15.76 ± 1.65 years). Through an online questionnaire, participants were requested to complete the READ, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the 13-item Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13). Results: Following the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-to-CFA) strategy, a unidimensional model of the Arabic version of the READ was met after 10 items were removed from the scale, and showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.943). Additionally, the one-factor solution of the Arabic version of the READ was identical across male and female adolescents at the three levels of invariance (Configural, Metric and Scalar). Finally, higher resilience scores were significantly correlated with lower levels of psychopathology, namely depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD, thus attesting to the concurrent validity of the Arabic READ. Conclusion: Findings lend support to the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the READ, and therefore its suitability for use among Arabic-speaking adolescents. The availability of this tool facilitates the implementation of interventions that foster resilience, especially in adolescents who have faced a number of negative life events.

Many children show resilience through parental divorce, but can still be susceptible to negative experiences and consequences on their psychological wellbeing. This study aims to explore the potential differences in family cohesion, depression, and self-esteem among adolescents and young adults in divorced families and those in intact families. We hypothesize that adolescents and young adults from divorced will have significantly lower family cohesion and self-esteem and higher depression compared to those from intact families. The scales used to measure the variables was the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Demographic data was also gathered to explore further moderating factors. The sample contained 111 participants between the ages of 16 and 25 in Saudi Arabia. Results showed significant difference in family cohesion and depression between participants from divorced families and those from intact families. However, there was no statistically significant difference found in self-esteem between the two groups. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the impact of parental divorce on adolescents and young adults, in addition to highlighting the need for specific or customized interventions to support individuals from divorced families.

Despite the emerging research interest in postpartum psychotic experiences, there is still a lack of measures for specifically measuring this construct. The contribution of this paper is to design and validate a novel self-report measure, the Postpartum Psychotic Experiences Scale (PPES), to screen for attenuated psychotic symptoms during postpartum. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 until June 2023, enrolling 438 women 4-6 weeks after delivery. Starting from an initial pool of 22 items, both Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested that remaining 15 items loaded on one factor (α = 0.95). The PPES showed good convergent validity with the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief scale (correlations >0.8) and good concurrent validity with postpartum depression and anxiety scales. A PPSE score of 8.5 (sensitivity=85.2%, specificity=78.6%) was defined as the optimal cutoff point. At this cutoff, 47% of participating women were considered at possible risk for postpartum psychosis. This study provides, for the first time, a specific self-report measure to assess postpartum PEs reliably and validly. We hope that the PPES will facilitate routine screening for PEs after childbirth among women who are predisposed to developing postpartum psychosis.

The concept of early intervention in psychosis is still novel and evolving in some Arab countries, while completely non-existent in most of the other countries. What further complicates the introduction of this concept in the Arab world is the lack of easy-to-use and low-cost Arabic language screening tools. We aimed through the present study to perform a cross-country validation of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief (PQ‐B) into the Arabic language. We conducted a cross-sectional cross-national analysis based on 3247 respondents from six countries (i.e., Tunisia, Lebanon, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco). All participants answered the Arabic PQ-B and a set of measures used to determine the discriminant validity of the scale (psychological distress and suicidal ideation). Within this study, we also analyzed the factorial structure of the scale and its reliability. We found that 54.2% of participants screened positive for prodromal symptoms, with variations across countries ranging from 47.7% in Lebanon to 62.0% in Egypt. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that fit of the one-factor model of PQ-B items was very good (CFI = .92; TLI = .91; RMSEA = .075 [90% CI .073–.077]. The Cronbach’s alpha values were > .90 for the total sample, in all six countries and in both genders. Findings also showed that the Arabic PQ-B is invariant across gender groups at the metric, configural, and scalar levels. Between-gender comparisons revealed no significant differences between males and females regarding PQ-B scores. Higher PQ-B scores correlated significantly but weakly with higher levels of psychological distress and more suicidal ideation. Findings provide evidence of excellent reliability and discriminant validity of the one-factor structure of the PQ-B in its Arabic version. The Arabic PQ-B appears thus promising as a screening tool to detect prodromal psychosis symptoms in Arabic speaking communities.