Investigating the Hurdles to Urban Farming in the Saudi Arabia Cities: An Analysis of the Constraints and Solutions Across Key Regions

Abstract

Sustainability is a cornerstone of urban development, emphasizing the enhancement and preservation of systems to meet present and future needs. This concept is built upon three interconnected pillars: environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. These elements collectively form the foundation for cities' development plans, aiming at residents' quality of life. By 2030, the United Nations aims to achieve 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), at least half directly linked to food and environmental security (United Nations, n.d.). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately 68% of the world’s population is expected to reside in urban areas by 2050, necessitating more efficient and sustainable food systems encompassing production, processing, consumption, recycling, and waste management (FAO, 2018). Urban farming, as a form of agricultural practice, can potentially equip urban and peri-urban areas with sustainable food resources for city dwellers. This thesis investigates the barriers to adopting the urban farming concept within the Saudi Arabian context, focusing on the Western Province due to its unique characteristics and significance as a case study region. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses to ensure a comprehensive understanding of urban farming practices. Qualitative data includes literature reviews and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, while quantitative data is drawn from governmental resources and online surveys. The study aims to identify major constraints, propose adaptation strategies for policymakers and stakeholders, and prioritize solutions based on empirical findings. The research is structured around key elements, including the problem definition, objectives, methodology, scope, and limitations. Expected outcomes include the development of a framework for analyzing urban farming challenges in different regions of Saudi Arabia, actionable recommendations for integrating urban farming into urban planning strategies, and alignment with broader sustainable urban development goals.