Can Saudi Arabia achieve sustainable economic growth (GDP) by simultaneously increasing energy efficiency, reducing CO? emissions, and promoting tourism, while considering the potential trade-offs between these factors?

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Abstract This dissertation investigates the interplay between non-oil exports, tourism, and energy efficiency in driving sustainable economic growth in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the context of reducing CO? emissions and diversifying economic activities away from oil dependency. Saudi Arabia, historically reliant on oil revenues, faces significant challenges due to volatile oil prices and environmental concerns related to climate change. The fact that Saudis have traditionally depended on oil revenues leaves no ambiguity about times to come is rather problematic for the country due to unpredictable oil prices as well as environmental issues linked with GHG concentration. In this work, we look at energy savings measures, carbon emissions reduction, and tourism development as means to not only build economic sustainability and resilience but also to create favorable conditions for their operation. The economic strategy of Saudi Arabia, which is in the concept stage thanks to Vision 2030, is trying to get rid of the dependence on crude oil for the economy and suggests making a diverse economy based on renewable energy and tourism. This research focuses on the roles of these industries in facilitating an economy that will be more resilient and less dependent on oil. The research methodology includes a multiple linear regression model capturing hte networks of dependencies between energy efficiency, CO? emission, tourism, and GDP alongside other economic indicators. It ensures that economic growth is sustainable with nature and can be created with the analysis of the interactions and tradeoffs involved in it. The operational expenditures and carbon footprints, the performance of energy efficiency distractions is inevitable in addition to the economic growth it can bring about. Implementation of energy-efficient measures (such as energy- saving light bulbs, thermostats, and appliances) is often associated with reduced carbon emissions (one of the key objectives in the international climate negotiations). Hence, such measures also contribute to the improvement of air quality at the local level, thus enhancing environmental protection and public health. Tourism is posed as a vital factor in economic diversification, becoming a point of robustness for employment and foreign exchange as well. Tourism development, which is substantiated by infrastructure improvement and regulatory reform such as visa facilitation, may considerably boost the participation of the sector in the country's economic growth by way of its contribution to the GDP. The article underlines the fact that smart investments in tourism and eco-friendly guidelines can produce a maximum economic effect and at the same time save the environment. The study brings to light the requirement to integrate the environmental and economic aspects of policies in pursuit of sustainable development. It implies that dealing with strategically sound policies, technology clean-up investments, and taking global environmental action are the factors that may advance the diversification of the Saudi economy. Social organizations employing the government, industry, and academia should be developed to make the shift to a sustainable economic system more rapid. This research provides us with a useful example of what transition strategies Saudi Arabia uses as a contribution to the sustainability policies domain. It serves as a lens to these developing countries, of similar economic structures, to look into ways in which they can exploit this complicated trade-off between diversification of economies and environmental sustainability. A monitoring mechanism should be established to investigate the implementation and outcomes of these packages of measures, ensuring they will contribute to long-term economic stability and the environment. Keywords: Sustainable Economic Growth, Non-Oil Exports, Tourism Development, Energy Efficiency, CO? Emissions Reduction, Saudi Arabia, Economic Diversification, Vision 2030, Renewable Energy, Environmental Sustainability.