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Analysis of the translation of some stories selected from the workers of Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven Edition' VolumeThis research aimed to analyze a translated text from English into Arabic by shedding light on the semantic, syntactic, morphological, and cultural items in both languages and shedding light on the translation strategies used and their implications. The translated text is a story titled The Black Cat, from the Works of Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven Edition, VOLUME II. The researcher used qualitative analysis and found important results. It is shown that there are grammatical, semantic, morphological, and cultural issues when translating from English into Arabic. The differences in the linguistic systems of both English and Arabic is shown to be the major source of translation issues, especially the lack of equivalents between English and Arabic. The findings also showed that the context and the culture are important for transferring from English into Arabic, especially since English has some words that are culture-based and cannot be translated literally into Arabic. The findings of the study suggest that translators should be well aware of the two languages, English and Arabic, in order to be able to translate accurately. Also, translators need to be well aware of the cultural context of each language since cultural differences contribute to delivering a sound translation of the text.
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Exploring the Efficiency of ChatGPT vs. Google Translate in Translating Idioms and Idiomatic Expressions: “The Catcher in the Rye” as a Case StudyIn a world where people delve into the use of idioms and view them as a way to express emotions that cannot be expressed through everyday language, it is critical to understand that idioms are more than just random expressions of languages; they are key pillars in conveying culture's traditions, beliefs, and shared experiences, as well as playing a vital role in influencing how people interact, think, and view the world. However, these idioms are difficult to communicate across cultures, making it difficult for translators to translate them, let alone machine translation (MT) tools, which many claim will only provide poor-quality translations. Given this, the purpose of this study is to compare ChatGPT and Google Translate's performance in translating idiomatic expressions from the first chapter of “The Catcher in the Rye.” Furthermore, it aims to go further into the realm of idioms and assess the accuracy and effectiveness of these MT tools for translating idiom meanings from English to Arabic in order to establish cultural bonds through improved translation methods. This study incorporates both qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine the most common strategy employed by ChatGPT and Google Translate, according to Mona Baker's translation strategies, as well as assess translation quality in terms of accuracy, fluency, and cultural sensitivity. The results indicate that ChatGPT is more accurate than Google Translate when it comes to translating idiomatic expressions from English to Arabic.
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The Concept of Equivalents in TranslationThis research paper aims to identify the best approach to achieving equivalents in translation. Through an extensive analysis of various translation methodologies. The study reveals that the Pym approach, which is divided into two categories: natural and directional, emerges as the most effective approach. The natural approach focuses on maintaining the original meaning and style, while the directional approach emphasizes adapting the translation to the target culture and audience. By combining these two approaches, translators can strike a balance between faithfulness to the source text and cultural adaptation. The findings of this research shed light on the significance of the Pym approach in achieving accurate and culturally appropriate equivalents in translation.
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Interconnected Realms-Masculinity and Gender Roles in Haruki Murakami's Kafka on the Shore (2002)This research focuses on the relationship between masculinity and gender roles shown in Haruki Murakami’s novel Kafka on the Shore published in 2002. The research aims to investigate how Murakami, as a writer, uses the themes of masculinity and conventional gender roles not just as narrative devices but as means to scrutinizing societal norms and personal identity. At the core of the discussion are the issues of identity construction and conventional gender expectations. The purpose of this analysis is twofold: First, it gives an insight into the novel’s narration, which is interwoven with discussions of masculinity and gender as a medium to implicitly reflect on society and an investigation of individual identity, on which deeper societal and psychological undercurrents of the characters and the story are founded. The second aim of the research is to establish a connection between literary criticism and gender studies while exposing how literature particularly in the domain of contemporary fiction can act as a mirror for the examination of gender roles and stereotypical conceptions of manhood. Through the in-depth study of the complicated themes of manhood and gender roles in, Kafka on the Shore (2002), this research offers an in- depth analysis of Murakami's narrative techniques and the ways they are interconnected with contemporary images of masculinity. This research investigates themes of identity formation and gender roles in Murakami's Kafka on the Shore by examining how the novel portrays masculinity and its interaction with gender roles, reflecting societal norms. The analysis will focus on societal demands, gender stereotypes, ambiguity, fluidity, and intersections with age, sexuality, and class. The study is guided by theoretical frameworks such as hegemonic masculinity, gender performativity, and social construction of gender. It explores whether the novel reinforces or subverts dominant masculinity, portraying gender as a flexible social concept; and unveils power dynamics and societal pressures shaping masculinity within the narrative.
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Interconnected Realms-Masculinity and Gender Roles in Haruki Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore (2002)This research focuses on the relationship between masculinity and gender roles shown in Haruki Murakami’s novel Kafka on the Shore published in 2002. The research aims to investigate how Murakami, as a writer, uses the themes of masculinity and conventional gender roles not just as narrative devices but as means to scrutinizing societal norms and personal identity. At the core of the discussion are the issues of identity construction and conventional gender expectations. The purpose of this analysis is twofold: First, it gives an insight into the novel’s narration, which is interwoven with discussions of masculinity and gender as a medium to implicitly reflect on society and an investigation of individual identity, on which deeper societal and psychological undercurrents of the characters and the story are founded. The second aim of the research is to establish a connection between literary criticism and gender studies while exposing how literature particularly in the domain of contemporary fiction can act as a mirror for the examination of gender roles and stereotypical conceptions of manhood. Through the in-depth study of the complicated themes of manhood and gender roles in, Kafka on the Shore (2002), this research offers an in-depth analysis of Murakami's narrative techniques and the ways they are interconnected with contemporary images of masculinity. This research investigates themes of identity formation and gender roles in Murakami's Kafka on the Shore by examining how the novel portrays masculinity and its interaction with gender roles, reflecting societal norms. The analysis will focus on societal demands, gender stereotypes, ambiguity, fluidity, and intersections with age, sexuality, and class. The study is guided by theoretical frameworks such as hegemonic masculinity, gender performativity, and social construction of gender. It explores whether the novel reinforces or subverts dominant masculinity, portraying gender as a flexible social concept; and unveils power dynamics and societal pressures shaping masculinity within the narrative.
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Literature review: “Divorce in the Middle East”This qualitative study aims to provide a detailed investigation into the various aspects of divorce in the Middle East, focusing on cultural and societal influences, effects on family structures and gender roles, social implications, and the psychological well-being of those involved. The research aims to enhance understanding and awareness of the dynamics of divorce in the Middle East. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study conducted online semi-structured interviews via Zoom and FaceTime with eight participants, including four parents and four children. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key findings reveal distinct themes for both children and parents. For children, mental health, social life, and relationships with parents were predominant themes. For parents, financial child support, emotional child support, relationships with ex-partners, and pre- and post-divorce support emerged as critical areas of focus. The study concludes that both children and parents face significant challenges due to divorce, with finances and communication being particularly difficult for parents, while children struggle with mental health, social life, and maintaining parental relationships. Despite these challenges, many participants demonstrated resilience and adaptability, successfully navigating life after divorce.
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Sharp Objects Adora Crellin: a Psychoanalytical ApproachThe matriarchal force of destruction in Gillian Flynn’s Sharp Objects (2006) is one which affects the characters in irreversible ways. While the existing research mainly focuses on the characters of Camille and Amma with feminist approaches, the subject of study in this research is Adora Crellin, explored through Carl Jung’s psychoanalytic theories of the primary archetypes, the mother image and its complexes. The imbalance of her psyche is investigated through over identification with the persona, the repressed shadow, the animus and the disintegration of the self. In addition, the image of the mother is applied to her, in order to demonstrate her deviation from it and the complex this created in her children.
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Idioms in translationThis research paper delves into the intricate world of idiom translation, focusing on the strategies proposed by Mona Baker. The study explores the various techniques advised by Mona baker and are employed by translators to effectively convey the intended meaning of idiomatic expressions in the target language. These strategies include finding idioms with similar meaning and form in the target language, identifying idioms with similar meaning but dissimilar form, translating idioms through paraphrase, and even omitting them when necessary. By examining these strategies, this research sheds light on the complexities of idiom translation and highlights the crucial role of cultural nuances and context in avoiding mistranslation.
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Discussion of the Cultural and Political Issues of Translation A Case StudyThe project discusses the translation carefully excerpts selected from Monk of Mokha book. The book is non-fiction, covering cultural and political incidents. The research identifies and discusses the issues encounters in the translation of certain cultural and political texts in the book. It also analyses the process to translate political and cultural texts and how the translator can deal with these texts. The study aims to show How to solve certain unexpected problems or issues that translator face.
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Domineering Women in Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls: A Psychoanalytic ApproachIn this study, a specific character, Pilar, will be analyzed for the presence of the characteristics of a domineering woman through the analysis of Earnest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. Expanding from this base and through the application of Jung’s archetypal criticism and Chodorow’s further study on feminist psychoanalysis, it aims to understand the psychoanalytical factor behind a woman to break out of the ‘supposed’ norm. The focus will be on highlighting Pilar as a domineering woman who adopted masculine qualities, yet stands as a mother figure throughout the text. The paper thus, hopes to study existing research and bridge the gap in character analysis through this particular lens.
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Examining the merits and demerits of using translation online tools in examsThis study aims to demonstrate how effective the use of internet tools can be in translation exams. One of the important reasons for conducting this research is that the labor market requires translators who can translate using computer translation applications, and who are fast and accurate in their work. When using the Internet and the printed dictionary together, we will reach this accuracy. The Internet will save time and the dictionary will give us an accurate translation. Research questions: To what extent, are the translation students have benefitted with online tools while translating? Also, to what extent, are the translation students have taken time with no online tools while translating? The importance of this study is to keep pace with our era, not only in education, but in translation in particular and for future translators. This study recommends that translation students use internet sources in exams, because it is one of the requirements of the labor market nowadays. Many translators use internet sources because it is faster and more accurate when using reliable electronic dictionaries. The study recommends that we as students should not use tools that are different from those used at the workplace. We suggest that translation students have the right to use the internet in and outside the exams to save time and find the most appropriate terms faster.
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Slavery in Albeshr’s FictionThis research paper sets out to examine Badriah Albeshr’s treatment of Slavery in her novels Hend wa-l-‘Askar (translated as Hend and the Soldiers, 2017) and Al-’Urjuha (The Seesaw, 2010). In these novels, Albeshr tracks the lives of slaves and their descendants across three generations. As a sociologist, Albeshr looks at the different segments of Saudi society, including minorities and marginalized group, and takes great pains in telling their stories and giving them a voice and a presence in her fiction. Albeshr is one of the few Saudi writers who have undertaken to reveal the injustices of slavery as an old institution that did not legally come to an end until the 1960s. More importantly, however, Albeshr tries her best to endow a silent, faceless, and stigmatized group of people with a distinct voice, identity, and dignity. It is my intention in this research paper to investigate the ways in which Albeshr uncovers the brutal history and practices of slavery and, significantly, transcends cultural and social norms to confer a solid presence on all those branded by slavery. Albeshr’s method of individualizing, even ennobling, these characters lies in the roles they have in the narrative and the influence they exert on the lives of other characters. Besides being a sociologist who is duly concerned with the social environment and its effect on the formation of her characters, Albeshr is a feminist who believes in women’s abilities and their capacity for transcending social roles. Therefore, this research leans on feminist ideas, along with psychological and sociological theories. Slavery is a complex issue, and as such, I have chosen not to subject it to a single theoretical point of view.
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Discussing the implementation of Farghal’s (1994) theory of equivalence in the translation of Katherine Pangonis’s Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to RuleEquivalence is a core concept in translation studies, both theoretically and practically, and has been heavily debated since the 1960’s. It is an essential part of every translator’s experience regardless of the language they’re dealing with. The aim of this paper is to review the various theories on the concept of equivalence according to Jakobson (1959), Catford (1965), Nida and Taber (1969), Koller (1979), Newmark (1981), Farghal (1994) Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) and Pym (2010) to shed light on its evolution over time and to discuss the application of Farghal’s (1994) concept of equivalence in the translation of an excerpt from Katherine Pangonis’s historical non-fiction novel Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to Rule. The quality of the translation will be analyzed using qualitative methods with the objective of proving that applying Farghal’s theory of equivalence is an effective approach specifically when translating an English text to Arabic.
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The construction of Palestinian Muslim masculinities in two novels by Laila Halaby and Randa JarrarPast, and more significantly, post 9/11 Anglo-American political and popular culture representations of Arab Muslim masculinities in general and Palestinian masculinities in particular as evil, violent and terrorizing produced the myth of the Arab Muslim masculine evil: an ahistorical image of Arab and Muslim men that reduces them to a few negative, sometimes contradictory, characteristics. An understanding of politics and cultural productions as inextricably linked can explain the reasons behind the strength and sustainability of these negative stereotypes. In addition, it explains why Arab American writers find fiction an appropriate medium to produce diverse images of Arabs, Muslims and Arab Americans. This article draws primarily on Daniel Monterescu’s models of hegemonic Palestinian masculinities which follow Raewyn Connell’s model of hierarchical masculinities to explore the ways by which Laila Halaby’s West of the Jordan (2003) and Randa Jarrar’s A Map of Home (2008) offer complex Palestinian Muslim masculinities, particularly in the domestic sphere. These masculinities are positioned within specific historical, socio-political and cultural realities, which are not solely governed by narrow definitions of Islam. Palestinian Muslim masculinities in both novels challenge monolithic and essentialist representations of Arab Muslim men in general and Palestinian men, particularly after the events of 9/11.
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Political Islam, Islam as faith and modernity in 1970s Egypt: a socio-political reading of Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the SunIn her In the Eye of the Sun (1992), Ahdaf Soueif constructs Muslim characters and negotiates public manifestations of Islamic piety such as veiling. This article argues for a reading of her constructions within their historical and socio-political contexts in order to illustrate a common perceived difference between political Islam and Islam as private faith and to elucidate what it means to be Muslim and modern in 1970s Egypt. This reading will highlight the different ways by which Soueif’s text has been interpreted and manipulated by some of her readers and critics. In addition, it will question anew Arab women writers’ presumed role as reliable ‘native informants’ or ‘cultural commentators’.
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Investigating The Quality of Translating Diana's Biography Based on Newmark ModelThe present research aims to explore specific procedures and methods in translating the biography of Princess Diana entitled: Diana, William, and Harry, and how they affect the quality of the translation. The research examines the translation model proposed by Newmark (1988) and analyzes it by presenting examples from my Arabic translation of the biography entitled: ‘Diana, William, and Harry’ which is written in English and has never been translated into Arabic. The essence of the book is historical, autobiography, and nonfiction. The purpose of translating this book about Princess Diana into Arabic is to introduce her to the target audience and share with them more details about the story that had never been discussed before, using Newmark's model (1988) in the analysis of the translation. The research uses a mixed method, carrying out both quantitative as well as qualitative analyses. The study claims that different translation procedures have been adopted in the translation of the book concerned. The translation examples of the book will be investigated to see which procedures were used in the translation of that biography that can affect positively or negatively. Moreover, the study discusses that translation quality is affected due to the experience and knowledge of the translator. Responses to a questionnaire will be collected and discussed to check the quality of the Arabic translation.
