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Basic Variables of Design Education Approaches Comparison between the Design Education Systems in Egypt and in GermanyThere are many aspects and different variables shaping and affecting on any approach of design education. These differences depending on many related crossed issues such as; the cultural atmosphere (historical background, language, religion …), economy (wealth, poverty…), the political situation (Power, stability, alliances) and mainly the understanding of the concept of design in itself which varies as well, according to the perspective of the users, designers, design researchers and design academics. According to the researcher’s experience which is more than fifteen years studying, teaching and practicing design in Egypt (Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University) and around six years as a PhD candidate in Germany (School of Art and Design, Kassel University Then Braunschweig University of Arts). There are huge differences between the opinions/visions of professors and design teachers in each country. These differences- and other things- lead to many major variables in framing and constructing the curriculums and design subjects which consider as a real challenge to think or to speak about one common language of design education. The idea of this paper based on a qualitative approach, which focuses on framework of the design education systems in Egypt and in Germany. The paper importance came through diagnosis the varied features and the different aspects of the problem, then discussing how to fill the gap between the variables and presenting a viable strategy to reduce these differences and thus tend towards a common design education discipline.
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An approach to integrate the environmental impact assessment process in the early stages of design.Nowadays, the integration of environmental dimensions in design process - and particularly in buildings that holding major event - has become not optional anymore. Consideration to environmental principles, effects of climate and sustainability in renewable resources is very important for building’s occupants. Adopting these concepts has driven most countries to adopt official strategies and policies in order to insure appropriate building designs. Certain certification such as “LEED”1, “BREEAM”2, and “Green Star”3 become one of the required and essential documents for construction approval. However, policies without awareness of assessment methodologies and tools are not enough, where specific and appropriate methods and tools could be employed. Thus, this research aims at providing a proposed methodology for environmental design process that takes into consideration the environmental impact assessment (EIA). The proposed methodology employs the environmental assessor (LEED) to judge the compatibility of the design with principles of sustainability, in addition to computer based tools in order to quantify the effectiveness of proposed passive strategies and measures. The use of computer allows the visualization of the unseen environmental attributes in a three dimensional interface, allowing by such comprehensive understanding of the issues involved in the assessment process. In this way, design proposals in the early stages of design; (I.e. design concept, orientation of buildings, using passive strategies…etc) could be quantified. This helps the designer to take the appropriate decisions in the right time. In an advanced stage but before construction, building details such as; building material, façade designs and projections, colours of the buildings, opening size and design, also could be tested and quantified. The result of the current research is the proposed methodology for the integration of the environmental dimensions in the design process. It is worth mentioning here that the author of the paper have applied the proposed methodology successfully on several projects on the regional level. Next paper will show the application of the methodology on these projects.
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Two-Element Pharaonic Ankh-Key Array Antenna Design, Simulation, and Fabrication for 5G and Millimeter-Wave Broadband ApplicationsIn this paper, a two-element Pharaonic Ankh-Key array antenna is proposed. The array antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated to enhance the new technologies upcoming in the market. The multiband array antenna can operate in 24 GHz band, 28 GHz band, 37 GHz band, 39 GHz band, 47 GHz band, E-band, W-band, and D-band with peak gain between 7.8 dBi to 12.3 dBi along the resonating spectrum. The array antenna is a single layer of two-element antenna separately fed by 50Ω microstrip line with dimensions 18.7 mm ×18.5 mm and a height of 0.787mm Rogers/Duroid RT 5880 of εr=2.2 and tan δ=0.0009 which was easily fabricated with a very low cost compared to the existing antennas in the market making it a very promising candidate for 5G and beyond technologies MIMO applications as it operates in almost all band between 23 GHz and 140 GHz. The antenna is designed and simulated using CST Suite, Ansys HFSS, and IE3D Mentor Graphics simulators then the simulated results where compared to the measured results achieving a very good agreement.
