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Neurocognitive Impairments in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Functional Brain Imaging Findings
Beyari, Fahad
Beyari, Fahad
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Fahad Beyari Thesis.pdf
Adobe PDF, 980.22 KB
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Fahad Beyari Thesis.pdf
Adobe PDF, 980.22 KB
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Fahad Beyari Thesis.pdf
Adobe PDF, 980.22 KB
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Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the global population and is characterized not only by hallucinations and delusions but also by persistent neurocognitive impairments. It has been demonstrated that no less than 80 percent of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) have deficits in attention, 70 percent in working memory, and 80 percent in executive-function impairments. They can also be observed in clinical high-risk (CHR) and genetically high-risk (GHR) populations, where they may be somewhat less severe, suggesting that they may serve as early markers of vulnerability. The systematic review summarizes the results of 18 functional brain imaging studies conducted between 2017 and 2024, all of which address the working memory, executive functioning, and attention deficits in FES. Functional MRI and PET imaging data consistently demonstrate hypo-activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as impaired connectivity in frontal temporal networks. These abnormalities are associated with behavioral deficits, suggesting that they may serve as biomarkers to aid early diagnosis and intervention. Although there is cross
sectional evidence, longitudinal imaging and the integration of genetic and environmental factors have gaps. This review examinesthe neurodevelopmental basis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and calls into account the relevance of early, dedicated interventions in enhancing long-term functional performance.
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