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Blockchain Applications in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review
Khan, Amera
Khan, Amera
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Abstract
The PSC (Pharmaceutical Supply Chain) is crucial to ensure that medicine is available worldwide. However, PSC still encounters challenges such as counterfeit medications, insufficient transparency, and poor track and trace systems. This dissertation explores blockchain technology in PSC by conducting a systematic literature review of articles published between 2004 and 2025. The goal of this research is to examine how blockchain can be applied in PSC, how combining IoT and blockchain can enhance PSC, what challenges and benefits can come from adopting blockchain technology in PSC, and how PSC can be utilized to prevent counterfeit medicines. A systematic literature review was conducted. 68 articles were identified using the PRISMA checklist, and 15 articles were reviewed. The findings reveal that adopting blockchain technology in the PSC enhances transparency, traceability, and security. It can also be used to prevent counterfeiting. But blockchain still has some barriers, such as scalability, the high cost of implementation, and cybersecurity threats. This dissertation identifies how integrating blockchain in PSC can improve its operations and prevent counterfeit drugs.